The Australian Education Sector- Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reforms in the Australian Education Sector. Answer: The education sector is one of the most important sectors in the Australian economy. Often, the industry is viewed as the backbone of the entire economy. In this regard, reforms in the sector have a major impact on the entire economy. Recently, reforms have been instigated on the countrys higher education sector. In May this year, the education minister proposed a higher education reform that would see an increase in fees paid by university students (Bexley, 2017). In addition, the students would be subjected to faster repayment schedules for educational loans. In response, the article Universities attack Birminghams higher education reform package by Julie Hare reveals that universities do not support the reforms. Fundamentally, the issues raised by the reforms are of significance to a wide array of stakeholders. First, the reforms affect university students who will be forced to pay higher fees and be subjected to strict repayment schedules for their education loans. Secondly, it affects universities who are expected to raise the annual fees paid by their students. Furthermore, parents and guardians of university and college students are concerned about the issue as they would have to dig deeper into their pockets to pay fees for their children. Lastly, the government is also a key stakeholder in the reform, as it is charged with the responsibility of seeing the reform to its implementation. The issues surrounding the reforms relate to various economic concepts and theories. Fundamentally, the proposed increase in the tuition fees paid by students for higher education is based upon the concept of demand. According to the law of demand, the quantity demanded of a particular service reduces when the price of the commodity rises. In this case, raising the fee amount and enacting stricter loan repayment systems will reduce the demand for higher education. As at now, the demand for higher education in the country is high. Thus, one may argue that the education ministry has proposed increases in the amount payable as tuition to reduce the number of individuals who seek to obtain the service. Source: (Khan, n.d.). In addition, economic theory suggests that the 2007 global recession played a significant role in the current state of issues in the country. When the global economy collapsed, high unemployment deeply cut through the nations sales and income tax. In turn, the overall tax revenue in the country reduced substantially. Years after recovery, the revenue collected cannot meet all the budget commitments. In turn, the government is forced to make budgetary cuts in various sectors. State budgets remain under pressure from the growth of basic programs such as pensions and healthcare. Notably, these programs demand a big proportion of the state revenue, leaving a limited amount for other programs like education. Consequently, this has forced the government to cut its aid to the education sector. Therefore, as public aid for education reduces, students are forced to pay more of their education cost. One may also justify the grounds of the reform from the perspective that student loan levels in the country are approaching crisis levels. Today, most individuals have forfeited their duty to repay their loans. In turn, the government has been making significant revenue losses (Ross, 2017). Mainly, this can be attributed to the fact that the level of unemployment in the country is relatively high. To make matters worse, youth joblessness is a national crisis in Australia (Schoenberger, 2016). For this reason, the government is unable to recover the loans from old students and lend to new students. What is more, entry level jobs for graduates are low-paying, making it difficult for individuals to repay their loans. Subsequently, the low repayment rates has forced the government to reduce education aids, increase student fees and be subject to strict repayment schedules. Despite the economic theories in support of the reform, one would still disagree with the decision. Predominantly, education is the backbone of every society. For this reason, the service should be considered as a basic right for every student in the country. As such, higher education should be offered to students at a low and affordable price. The repayment schedule should also be flexible to allow students to repay the loans on time and consistently. As economic theory suggests, an increase in the price of a commodity would result in a decrease in the demand for the product. In this case, raising university fees would make higher education unaffordable for students from low income families. Consequently, this would force them to drop out of school. Notably, it would make them worse off as it reduces their chances for a better life. Education provides a platform for individuals to obtain useful skills, and thus prospects for a better future. Thus, the government should reconsider it s decision and, instead, reduce the tuition fees. Graph showing the cost of studying in Australia for International Students as at 2014 Source: (Business Insider, 2014). Therefore, the government may implement a number of reforms in the education sector to ensure affordability of higher education in the country. Primarily, the government should initiate programs that aim at reducing the cost of offering the service to students. Primarily, this may be done by systematically exploring the potentials of information technology to improve educational effectiveness and cost efficiency in the country. For instance, the government should instigate online learning programs in all public universities in the country. Fundamentally, it would significantly reduce the cost of offering education services in the country, thereby making it affordable for students in the country. All in all, all factors taken into consideration, the higher education reform will negatively affect the students in the country. Raising tuition fees and instigating strict repayment schemes for student loans would make education less affordable. Fundamentally, a higher fee would reduce the demand for higher education, thereby reducing the possibilities of a better future for students who are unable to raise the high fees. For this reason, the government should reconsider major aspects in the reform and maintain university tuition fees at affordable rates. References Bexley, E. (2017, May 2). Higher education reform: small changes for now but big ones to come. The Conversation. Retrieved on 16 Aug 2017 from https://theconversation.com/higher-education-reform-small-changes-for-now-but-big-ones-to-come-76978 Hare, J. (2017, Aug 9). Universities attack Birminghams higher education reform package. The Australian. Retrieved on 16 Aug 2017 from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/universities-attack-birminghams-higher-education-reform-package/news-story/614c9910b336ebefe31822265dda79fe Khan, S. Law of demand. Khan Academy. Retrieved on 16 Aug 2017 from https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/microeconomics/supply-demand-equilibrium/demand-curve-tutorial/a/law-of-demand Ross, J. (2017, Aug 9). Birmingham reforms to higher education sector unclear. The Australian. Retrieved on 16 Aug 2017 from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/birmingham-reforms-to-higher-education-sector-unclear/news-story/56dcdd9f63b64d935b13cf460fd57bfd Pash, C. (2014). The Cost Of Getting A University Degree In Australia Is About To Change: Here's What You Need To Know. Business Insider. Retrieved on 16 Aug 2017 from https://www.businessinsider.com.au/the-cost-of-getting-a-university-degree-in-australia-is-about-to-change-heres-what-you-need-to-know-2014-6 Schoenberger, C. (2016, May 25). How to make college affordable. The Conversation. Retrieved on 16 Aug 2017 from https://review.chicagobooth.edu/public-policy/2016/article/how-make-college-affordable

Whatever They Told You About To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Heres Why

Whatever They Told You About To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Your father doesn't understand how to teach. It's the Great Depression era, and despite Atticus Finch having a respectful place in the society and a comparatively prosperous career, he still admits they are poor. For Scout Finch, it has to have been hard to comprehend at her age. Scout and readers don't have any doubts that the attorney is perfect. All About to Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Topics By way of example, several of the people in Maycomb share a prejudiced awareness of integrity once it comes to its racist views. Some men waited in the cold for extended spans of time to get their food. White individuals that are racist are bad, and white men and women who aren't racist are good. Blacks and whites weren't permitted to be served food in the exact room in a restaurant, play pool with each other, share the exact prisons, or be buried in the very same cemeteries. One of the story's best lessons is that social justice isn't always simple to reach. Joining scout within her exploits is older her brother Jem, who's nearly ten at the start of the story. The author highlighted the value of the story especially with regard to the letters Scout writes to her father. The Demise of to Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Topics Prejudice is potentially the most prominent subject of the novel. The absolute most important theme of Mockingbird stays the notion of prejudice in all its forms. Racism is a critical theme within her book. Racism Obviously, it is a major theme of the novel. The Fundamentals of to Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Topics You Will be Able to Learn From Starting Immediately The trial is just one of the symbols of killing a mockingbird. Both men are closely linked to the sign of the mockingbird. Through the sign of the mockingbird, Harper Lee expresses the problem of racism with the mockingbird for a sign of racism. He describes the topic of relat ionship to another person in comparison with a birdie mockingbird. Merely reading the text may not be sufficient to compose a worthwhile summary. Though it often insightful and reflective to a lot of white readers. In addition, we see imagery right after we get descriptions of nature. A theme isn't merely a plot summary or what the literary work is all about. The Battle Over to Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Topics and How to Win It It is going to take a few years for this to sink in. The appeals process continued for many years. Scout receives a lot of her education in the house, and doesn't believe school is going to do much for her. Atticus risks his reputation, his position locally, and ultimately the protection of his children because he's not racist, and so great. The Number One Question You Must Ask for to Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Topics As Miss Maudie states a baby step has to be taken rather than attempting to fix all prejudice simultaneously. Whenever you need to earn a decision, everything is as easy as black and white. And while we've come quite a way, we still have quite a distance to go. Instead of digging deeper in the instance, everyone refused to know the truth since it would not really make sense. To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About Obviously, the novel found its way to the curriculum. Fortunately, in real life, all of us have a chance to earn a shift. Perhaps a more valuable education can be seen in the house. Secondly, it makes the teacher's job less tedious, as they must check, for instance, 20 distinct works rather than checking 20 works recycling the identical details. For you to have a clearer idea of what we're discussing, let's take Chapter 1 as an example. The trial appears even more vicious from her viewpoint. As a consequence, withought any additional attempt to work out the truth, Tom Robinson's life was determined by his physical appearance. Naturally, you can't write about whatever you desire that would involve an excessive amount of time only to define the topic. The 30-Second Trick for to Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Topics Symbolism Mockingbird is easily the most critical symbol in the novel. Atticus agrees, and wishes to make certain Scout understands why this tiny white lie has to be told. To Atticus, withholding violence is among the greatest types of bravery. Here's What I Know About to Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Topics When we discuss fiction literature, like a novel, you ought to among other things keep an eye on the character development. To kill a mockingbird is in reality the favourite book of huge numbers of people, it's rightfully considered one of the greatest books of all time. The indisputable benefit of this kind of assignment for students is this novel is exceptionally straightforward since it is narrated from a little child's point of view. Before we discuss the real themes of the novel, here are a number of additional ideas t o remember when writing your paper. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. From time to time, your teacher is going to have you summarize only 1 chapter of the book (instead of the entire novel). As such, she may want to make his or her job less tedious and assign each of the students to summarize a particular chapter of this great book. Most Noticeable To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Topics It is suggested to look for the one which has a fantastic reputation and offers high-quality papers at inexpensive rates. You also ought to make sure that you have evidence to back up your analysis. Just order a customized paper at our site online. Continue reading this video embedded great choice of factors. The realization that there's true evil inside their society shakes Jem to the core. Scout was designed to realise that prejudice, ignorance and hatred will always discover a victim. The reality is that academic curriculum doesn't expect you to produce any game-changing findings. This ignorance is the reason why there is racism.

Study Macbeth Topics For Research Paper

Study Macbeth Topics For Research PaperThere are many Macbeth topics for a research paper. You should find topics for your research paper that are not just about the play but also that is something that you love and is related to Shakespeare. Also, you may want to find topics that have been popular in the past or that are currently being played. Just remember, these topics are free for use by others and anyone can use them for a research paper.For a research paper on Macbeth, you might want to focus on the themes of love and betrayal. You might consider a study of the more romantic side of Macbeth and how it is expressed in the play. You might also want to investigate Macbeth's sexuality in relation to his status as a king. One study topic could include other aspects of Macbeth including the changing political landscape and the changes that took place during his reign. Then, you might also want to explore the meaning of love and friendship during this period of history.For a research paper on Macbeth that focuses on political events of the period, you may want to start by discussing the rising political issues of the time. What would these issues be and how would these events affect the culture of the period? During this time, the most important issue was the increasing importance of religion. This may have affected the play in many ways. The ways of thinking and the opinions of religious leaders were shaped during this time. This may have changed some of the ways of Macbeth's character and led to the character becoming more sympathetic in the play.Romance is the theme of the time period. The love story between Macbeth and the beautiful Lady Macduff is one of the most famous love stories in the play. Another love story that can be explored for a research paper is that between the princess, Guinevere, andMacduff. As mentioned earlier, there was much political upheaval in the period. This was because of the growing influence of the Catholic religion. If you want to explore the importance of this theme in the play, this could be another interesting topic for a research paper.While studying Macbeth, you might want to explore the time when King James II turned the power of the crown over to the Protestant church. Macbeth was executed by his loyalist followers in this period. For a research paper on this period, you may want to discuss the impact of this time on the plays of Macbeth.The language used in the play was a mixture of Old English and High German. This has led to the debate that how Old English and High German influenced the play. For a research paper on this, you may want to examine how the different forms of the language influenced the way that the play was performed. There are many ways that the language can be seen as a metaphor for the political power structure of the time.One of the best aspects of exploring Macbeth topics for a research paper is that there are so many topics that you can choose from. However, this does not mean that you will need to choose a dozen topics or even fifty! Rather, you will only need to choose topics that interest you and that are of interest to others.

Burlington County College Admissions Essay - A Helpful Guide

Burlington County College Admissions Essay - A Helpful GuideCollege admissions essays are basically the same whether you are attending a public or private college and a very important part of your application to get into the college of your choice. Here's what you need to know about college admissions essays:First of all, a Burlington County College admissions essay is not as easy as it sounds. The truth is that a college essay is a multi-step process with a lot of different elements. It will require more than just words on paper. There are a lot of little decisions to be made and you'll be weighing all these factors to make sure you have said everything necessary to make an impact on the college that you're applying to.To help you out, the college has provided sample essays for you to choose from. The essay can be either a free text or a Word file (meaning you can change the text to match exactly with your personal style). The contents will depend upon the college that you apply to and the area that you are applying to.What are the three most important elements in a Burlington County College admissions essay? Let's look at them.The first thing in a woman's college admission essay is her story. You can use this element as your personal story. It's an essential part of the college admissions essay. This part will be based on your personal experience and things that happened in your life. Try to weave a personal experience in as good of a way as possible.Another important part of a Burlington County College admissions essay is the topic. It is important to get your hands dirty in the college admissions essay as much as possible. This is where you put the hard work that you have put into studying all the information that you need to know about a certain college. Put it all down on paper in a way that the reader understands. You might have a strong argument on one side but need to make sure that you convince the reader as well.Finally, a good college admissions ess ay needs to be passionate. You will want to convince the reader that you have some great experiences in your life and are proud of these experiences. Try to find the passion in your essay. There is no better way to convince the reader than to find your passion for something.

Chicago Essay Samples - Learn How to Write Essays Without Getting Noticed!

Chicago Essay Samples - Learn How to Write Essays Without Getting Noticed!Chicago essay samples are usually provided by individuals who want to appear impressive in their job interviews. Even if they know what you will write, and even if you are not a native English speaker, they expect you to have mastered certain grammar and/or vocabulary rules which will make the job interview more impressive and easier for you.The reason why this is so is that most people have only heard of or read some very basic writing tips, and do not know that you can learn to write without any prior experience. It is also important to make sure that you get the right type of Chicago essay samples, and that you do not make a mistake by hiring an applicant who has not really done anything special. It is also important to realize that you need to always use the Chicago word patterns because it is very difficult to make any other kinds of changes to your documents when it comes to writing.When writing, you need to always take advantage of the opportunity to be as easy on yourself as possible. No one wants to hire someone who is too self-conscious or too anxious about what they say. This makes a person appear unprofessional and overly nervous, something that can very easily go wrong. So, when writing, always use the Chicago grammar when it comes to your academic essays.You can easily find the Chicago essay samples that you need, and there are hundreds of sites that offer them, or you can simply contact the U.S. Department of Education. They will send you plenty of sample essays and you can take care of choosing the best one to use. If you want to know more about writing papers, you may like to take a look at some websites online where you can learn more.There are plenty of places online where you can find Chicago essay samples for free. These sites are extremely helpful because you can work with whatever programs you want, and they are great for keeping your education up to date. All of th e programs and materials you need are offered free of charge, so you are not stuck having to go out and pay hundreds of dollars just to get your education.This is very useful if you need to earn money in the future, since all of your schooling and college expenses are available to you, as long as you are willing to pay for them. This means that all of your college textbooks and materials are right at your fingertips, and you can continue your studies and earn an A in school without any problems whatsoever.This can help you find new thoughts and ideas that you did not have before. It will also allow you to enjoy college without feeling frustrated or exhausted. In essence, it will allow you to see what a college education really is like, and it will give you the motivation that you need to succeed in life.

Legalization Of Marijuana Essays (2524 words) - Drug Culture

Legalization of Marijuana What Is Marijuana Marijuana, a drug obtained from dried and crumpled parts of the ubiquitous hemp plant Canabis sativa (or Cannabis indica). Smoked by rolling in tobacco paper or placing in a pipe. It is also otherwise consumed worldwide by an estimated 200,000,000 persons for pleasure, an escape from reality, or relaxation. Marijuana is known by a variety of names such as kif (Morocco), dagga (South Africa), and bhang (India). Common in the United States, marijuana is called pot, grass, weed, Mary Jane, bones, etc. The main active principle of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol. The potency of its various forms ranges from a weak drink consumed in India to the highly potent hashish. The following consists of pure cannabis resin. Marijuana is not a narcotic and is not mentally or physically addicting drug. One can use mild cannabis preparations such as marijuana in small amounts for years without physical or mental deterioration. Marijuana serves to diminish inhibitions and acts as an euphoriant. Only once in a while will it produce actual hallucinations. More potent preparations of cannabis such as hashish can induce psychedelic experiences identical to those observed after ingestion of potent hallucinogens such as LSD. Some who smoke marijuana feel no effects; others feel relaxed and sociable, tend to laugh a great deal, and have a profound loss of the sense of time. Characteristically, those under the influence of marijuana show incoordination and impaired ability to perform skilled acts. Still others experience a wide range of emotions including feelings of perception, fear, insanity, happiness, love and anger. Although marijuana is not addicting, it may be habituating. The individual may become psychologically rather than physically dependent on the drug. Legalization Of Marijuana Those who urge the legalization of marijuana maintain the drug is entirely safe. The available data suggested, this is not so, Marijuana occasionally produces acute panic reactions or even transient psychoses. Furthermore, a person driving under the influence of marijuana is a danger to themselves and others. If smoked heavily and a great deal of consistency, its use has been clearly associated with mental breakdown. In many persons who smoke chronically, the drug reinforces passivity and reduces goal-directed, constructive activity. The chronic use of pure resin (hashish) has been associated both with mental deterioration and criminality. One of the major complications of marijuana use is the tendency on the part of some users to progress to more dangerous drugs. Users in economically deprived areas usually go on to heroin, whereas more affluent individuals tend to move from marijuana to more potent hallucinogens such as LSD. There is no established medical use for marijuana or any other cannabis preparation. In the United States, its use is a crime and the laws governing marijuana are similar to those regulating heroin. Many authorities now urge that the laws be modified to mitigate the penalties relating to conviction on marijuana possession charges. The Case For Legalizing Marijuana Use The United States stands apart from many nations in its deep respect for the individual. The strong belief in personal freedom appears early in the nation's history. The Declaration of Independence speaks of every citizen's right to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." The Constitution and Bill of Rights go further, making specific guarantees. They forbid the government to make unwarranted entry into dwelling places. They forbid seizure of personal property, except when very clear reasons are approved by the courts. They allow every citizen to remain silent in court when accused of a crime. Legal decisions have extended these rights, so that every citizen may feel safe, secure, and sheltered from public view in the privacy of his or her home. The Right To Privacy In recent years, Americans have referred to privacy as one of the basic human rights, something to be claimed by anyone, anywhere. United States citizens feel strongly about this and often tell other countries that they must honor their people's claims to privacy and personal freedom. Foreign leaders often disagree. They resent what they deem arrogant meddling by the United States. Leaders of the Soviet Union, for example, regard individual privacy as trivial when compared to the needs of the state. If the United States is to be persuasive in promoting freedom in other parts of the world, it must respect the privacy of its own citizens. Sometimes it is hard to do this because what goes on in people's private lives may seem offensive. But, according to U.S. traditions, there is a strong case to be made against legislating the private behavior of adults, so long as that behavior does not in turn violate the rights of others. Some people feel that

Geography and History of Costa Rica

Geography and History of Costa Rica Population: 4.906 million (July 2017 estimate)Capital: San Josà ©Area: 19,730 square miles (51,100 sq km)Bordering countries: Nicaragua and PanamaCoastline: 802 miles (1,290 km)Highest point: Cerro Chirripo at 12,500 feet (3,810 m) Costa Rica, officially called the Republic of Costa Rica, is located on the Central American isthmus between Nicaragua and Panama. Because it is on an isthmus, Costa Rica also has coastlines along the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The country features numerous rainforests and a plethora of flora and fauna which make it a popular destination for tourism and ecotourism. History Costa Rica was first explored by Europeans beginning in 1502 with Christopher Columbus. Columbus named the region Costa Rica, meaning rich coast, as he and other explorers hoped to find gold and silver in the area. European settlement began in Costa Rica in 1522 and from the 1570s until the 1800s it was a Spanish colony. In 1821, Costa Rica then joined other Spanish colonies in the region and made a declaration of independence from Spain. Shortly thereafter, the newly independent Costa Rica and other former colonies formed a Central American Federation. However, cooperation between the countries was short-lived and border disputes frequently occurred in the mid-1800s. As a result of these conflicts, the Central American Federation eventually collapsed and in 1838, Costa Rica declared itself as a fully independent state. After declaring its independence, Costa Rica underwent a period of stable democracy beginning in 1899. In that year, the country experienced its first free elections which have continued until today despite two problems in the early 1900s and in 1948. From 1917-1918, Costa Rica was under the dictatorial rule of Federico Tinoco and in 1948, the presidential election was disputed and Jose Figueres led a civilian uprising which led to a 44-day civil war. Costa Ricas civil war caused the deaths of more than 2,000 people and was one of the most violent times in the countrys history. Following the end of the civil war though, a constitution was written which declared that the country would have free elections and universal suffrage. Costa Ricas first election following the civil war was in 1953 and was won by Figueres. Today, Costa Rica is known as one of the most stable and economically successful Latin American countries. Government Costa Rica is a republic with a single legislative body made up of its Legislative Assembly whose members are elected by popular vote. The judicial branch of government in Costa Rica is comprised only of a Supreme Court. Costa Ricas executive branch has a chief of state and head of government - both of which are filled by the president who is elected by popular vote. Costa Rica underwent its most recent election in February 2010. Laura Chinchilla won the election and became the countrys first female president. Economics and Land Use Costa Rica is considered one of the most economically prosperous countries in Central America and a major part of its economy comes from its agricultural exports. Costa Rica is a well-known coffee producing region and pineapples, bananas, sugar, beef, and ornamental plants also contribute to its economy. The country is also growing industrially and produces goods such as medical equipment, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products, and high-value goods such as microprocessors. Ecotourism and the related service sector is also a significant part of Costa Ricas economy because the country is highly biodiverse. Geography, Climate, and Biodiversity Costa Rica has a varied topography with coastal plains that are separated by volcanic mountain ranges. There are three mountain ranges running throughout the country. The first of these is the Cordillera de Guanacaste and runs to the Cordillera Central from the northern border with Nicaragua. The Cordillera Central runs between the central part of the country and the southern Cordillera de Talamanca which bounds the Meseta Central (Central Valley) near San Josà ©. Most of Costa Ricas coffee is produced in this region. The climate of Costa Rica is tropical and has a wet season that lasts from May to November. San Jose, which is located in Costa Ricas Central Valley, has an average July high temperature of 82 °F (28 °C) and an average January low of 59 °F (15 °C). The coastal lowlands of Costa Rica are incredibly biodiverse and feature many different types of plants and wildlife. Both coasts feature mangrove swamps and the Gulf of Mexico side is heavily forested with tropical rainforests. Costa Rica also has several large national parks to protect its plethora of flora and fauna. Some of these parks include the Corcovado National Park (home to large cats such as jaguars and smaller animals like Costa Rican monkeys), Tortuguero National Park and Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve. More Facts Costa Ricas official languages are English and Creole Life expectancy in Costa Rica is 76.8 years Costa Ricas ethnic breakdown is 94% European and mixed native-European, 3% African, 1% native and 1% Chinese References Central Intelligence Agency. (2010, April 22). CIA - The World Factbook - Costa Rica. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.htmlInfoplease.com. (n.d.) Costa Rica: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107430.htmlUnited States Department of State. (2010, February). Costa Rica (02/10). Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2019.htm